Buckle Up: A Space Force Means Survival of #1 Superpower Status

Shanahan: Next Big War May Be Won or Lost in Space

Wars have been fought on land, on the sea and in the air. But the next conflict may be a war in the immediate area above the breathable atmosphere, amid the satellites now circling Earth, Acting Defense Secretary Patrick M. Shanahan said today.

Shanahan spoke during the 35th Space Symposium in Colorado Springs, Colorado, an event that brought representatives from the space community to one place to discuss and focus attention on space-related issues and promote dialogue.

The secretary told attendees from both the military and the private sector that U.S. competitors already are gearing up for conflicts overhead.

“Weapons are currently deployed by our competitors that can attack our assets in space,” Shanahan said.

Both China and Russia have weaponized space in ways that put existing U.S. space capabilities at risk, he said. The Chinese have developed jamming capability that can affect U.S. satellite communications; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance assets; and the GPS. China also is deploying directed-energy weapons and has developed advanced hypersonic weapons the United States can’t track. The Russians, he said, are doing much of the same.

“The threat is clear: we’re in an era of great power competition, and the next major conflict may be won or lost in space,” Shanahan said. “Because of their actions, space is no longer a sanctuary — it is now a warfighting domain. This is not a future or theoretical threat; this is today’s threat. We are not going to sit back and watch. We are going to act. We are going to deter conflict from extending into space, and ensure we can respond decisively if deterrence fails.”

To protect a $19 trillion dollar U.S. economy that relies heavily on space, Shanahan said, the Defense Department must step up and protect a domain that is increasingly becoming as important as land, sea and air.

Space is Fundamental to Modern Life

“From the GPS you use to navigate, to the delivery drones and self-driving cars of the future, to the phone you’re using to tweet quotes from my remarks today, … space is fundamental to our modern way of life,” Shanahan said. “America’s future depends on space, so we will develop the forces and capabilities to protect and defend our space interests.”

The first part of that effort, the secretary said, is the development of a space force similar to the military services that fight on the land, on the sea and in the air. The U.S. Space Force will organize, train and equip a fighting force in the same way as the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps, he explained.

The Space Force likely will start small, he said, with about 15,000 to 20,000 people drawn from existing forces.

“The Space Force will be responsible for developing military units that can protect and defend America’s space interests,” Shanahan said. “By creating the new service inside the Air Force, the additional cost is less than one-tenth of 1% of the DOD budget. Or put another way, the Space Force will cost about $1.50 per American per year.”

The second part of DOD’s effort is the creation of a joint combatant command, U.S. Space Command. Shanahan said this will allow for a warfighting commander that can focus exclusively on space, and he noted that President Donald J. Trump has nominated Air Force Gen. John W. “Jay” Raymond to lead the new command.

Finally, Shanahan said, a Space Development Agency “will architect our future space ecosystem.” One immediate benefit there is that the SDA can look for efficiencies in existing U.S. military space systems, he said.

Each military service currently runs its own unique satellite communications systems, Shanahan said, which involves more than 130 different types of wide-band terminals deployed to access these systems. The SDA can work across that system of communications capabilities and look for efficiencies and cost savings, he explained.

An Eye Toward Consolidation

“As we look to future architectures, we have a once-in-a-generation opportunity to consolidate and provide the department a unified, multidomain command and control system for the first time,” Shanahan said.

The secretary also said the SDA will work to combine the best that U.S. industry can develop for space with DOD’s unique needs to help build the capabilities needed to protect America’s future.

“These will include sensors that can detect and track hypersonic threats, machine learning to make sense of the enormous data we will collect, [artificial intelligence] to link sensors and shooters, and cybersecurity designed in from the beginning,” Shanahan said “The result will be a space architecture that is resilient, responsive and ahead of the threat. These breakthroughs will empower our forces with multidomain command and control.”

Though DOD is moving “with purpose and speed” to get its plans in motion, Shanahan said, the department will not go it alone.

“Our objectives are too far-reaching to be achieved by any one entity, even one as large as the Department of Defense,” he said. “We need to leverage the asymmetric advantages provided by American industry and our allies that no competitor can match.”

“Together, we’re going to maximize and protect space,” he continued. “The end state is a national security space architecture that is proliferated, affordable, persistent and provisioned for AI. When we’re done, it should look something like the cell phone network we have on Earth.”

Shanahan said those who wish to partner with DOD in this endeavor should “buckle up.”

“We are seizing on a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity,” he added. “We are starting now because we refuse to fall behind. We can outpace our competitors and make it impossible for them to contest our dominance in space.”

TOP DEFENSE CHIEFS AGREE

BY Jim Garamone

A United States Space Force would build on and accelerate the advantage the U.S. Air Force has given the American military in space, Acting Defense Secretary Patrick M. Shanahan told the Senate Armed Services Committee.

Marine Corps Gen. Joe Dunford, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson; and Air Force Gen. John Hyten, the commander of U.S. Strategic Command, joined Shanahan in testifying before the committee.

The United States is dominant in space now, but that margin could shrink, the defense officials said in their testimony. Establishing the U.S. Space Force will enable the Defense Department to gather up the disaggregated parts of the military space effort in one organization and change what has become a “slow, bureaucratic approach,” Shanahan said.

Five Senate-confirmed DOD officials are now responsible for more than 10 organizations developing space capabilities, Shanahan pointed out. This system fails to integrate across the department and capture the cost synergies of standards, the secretary said.

Competitor Capabilities

The department needs to move fast, because potential adversaries are moving quickly, too, the chairman told the senators. “Last month, I testified before you that China and Russia had developed capabilities to contest our ability to operate in all domains,” Dunford said. “This includes space, which is now a fully contested warfighting domain along with sea, air, land and cyberspace.”

China and Russia have taken significant steps to challenge American dominance in space. They have reorganized their armed forces and developed robust space-based capabilities, included space-based intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. “These steps provide the ability to more effectively target U.S. and allied forces,” the chairman said. “China and Russia are also capable of searching, tracking and characterizing satellites in all Earth orbits in support of space and counter-space operations.”

China and Russia recognize the benefits of space in the economic and military spheres, and they are adapting, Dunford said.

“Space is no longer a sanctuary,” he added. “Traditionally, the Air Force has been the principal driver of our efforts in space, … and our capabilities in space are second to none. But our current organizational construct was built before space was a contested domain.”

After looking at studies and trends, the chairman told the committee, he is convinced that there must be change to maintain the competitive edge.

“In the past, we have often affected change in the wake of failure,” he said. “Today, we have an opportunity — and I would argue, an imperative — to change based on our ability to anticipate. We have an opportunity to look to the future and posture ourselves to seize and hold the high ground of space.”

DOD is establishing U.S. Space Command for operational control, and the next step is establishing the U.S. Space Force, the chairman said. “Taking the next step to create the Space Force will allow us to develop and maintain a singular focus on developing the people, the capabilities, the doctrine and the culture we’ll need to maintain our competitive advantage in space,” he said.