In 2015, two devastating attacks, claimed by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as ISIS) killed 147 people in Paris. Nine of the 13 perpetrators were born in France, prompting the government to launch a national "de-radicalisation programme" and introduce a series of extra-judiciary measures against those considered a threat to national security. A state of emergency has been declared until May of this year, handing the police a raft of new powers allowing for raids and arrests without judicial oversight. In the two months following last November's attacks, police searched 4,000 houses, opened more than 500 criminal cases and placed 382 people under house arrest....
