Politics, Geopolitics & Conflict Venezuela’s PDVSA and India’s Reliance Industries have resumed a cautious oil-for-naphtha swap arrangement paused under U.S. sanctions, signaling a recalibration of geopolitical oil strategies. With a U.S. license in hand since July, the swap delivered 1.9M barrels of Merey crude to India and 500,000 barrels of naphtha to Venezuela, reflecting mutual economic necessity as Venezuela leverages barter deals to sustain its oil sector while India cautiously tests the limits of U.S. tolerance. The market…
