The science and impacts of lake effect snow

AUSTIN (KXAN) -- "Lake effect" snow is a notoriously difficult weather phenomenon to forecast, with snow totals varying dramatically over short distances. Within just 10 miles, snowfall can range from a light dusting to several feet. These narrow bands of heavy snow can last anywhere from a few hours to several days, making prediction a challenge.

Lake effect snow occurs in regions near large bodies of freshwater, particularly the Great Lakes in the northeastern United States and parts of the Midwest. Areas such as Buffalo, New York, Cleveland, Ohio, and parts of Michigan are especially vulnerable to this phenomenon.

So, how do these bands of lake effect snow develop? Several key factors are involved. First, cold northwesterly winds from Canada blow across warmer lake waters.

As the cold air passes over the lake, it picks up moisture and forms clouds that grow and intensify over the water. These clouds then move inland, releasing heavy snow in localized areas.

During the 2024 winter season, the Great Lakes have experienced several lake-effect snow events, with snowfall totals reaching several feet in late November. One of the main factors contributing to the high snow totals was the warmer-than-normal lake water temperatures.

Warmer than normal water temperatures generally lead to an increase in lake effect snow intensity.