MORE babies in England could die from unlicensed medicines unless providers are forced to report issues, a coroner has warned.
The alert follows an inquest into the tragic deaths of three newborns from contaminated feed they were given at hospitals.
The babies, who were all undergoing care in hospital after being born premature, died after receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) feed contaminated with a food poisoning bug.
Babies are given TPN when they cannot feed on their own.
Three-month-old Aviva Otte, one-month-old Oscar Barker and nine-day-old Yousef Al-Kharboush were being provided critical nutrition via TPN.
An inquest at Southwark Coroner’s Court included the bacillus cereus contaminant in each of their causes of death.
Bacillus cereus is a potentially fatal bacterium that infects about 20-30 newborn babies a year in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Aviva died in January 2014 at St Thomas’ Hospital in central London and received TPN mixed by the NHS, under a section 10 exemption, according to a preventing future deaths (PFD) report by senior coroner Dr Julian Morris.
The exemption under the Medicines Act 1968 allows organisations to legally produce bespoke medicines without a licence for specific patients facing niche problems.
Yousef, who also died at St Thomas’ Hospital in June 2014 of sepsis, and Oscar, who died at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge in the same month, received TPN produced by a “commercial provider”, ITH Pharma.
Because ITH is a licensed provider it is not subject to the section 10 exemption.
In his PFD report, Dr Morris highlighted concerns about what obligations Section 10 exempt entities are under to report “adverse events”.
He said: “There is no requirement for a section 10 exempt entity to report any of its findings to the MHRA or indeed to other Trusts or the industry in general if an adverse event occurs.
“The current reporting structures (for a section 10 entity) involve reporting to NHSE and the CQC but the threshold or necessity for such reporting appears unclear and, in essence, up to the Trust.
“There may be times when section 10 entities reach conclusions that would assist the wider industry and both other trusts and commercial organisations in assessing their own risks and improving the provision of highly specific medication to a group of vulnerable patients.
“The same may also be true of commercial organisations but they have the power of the MHRA controlling and effecting recalls and actions and the wider dissemination of information.”
The senior coroner also wrote that bacillus cereus is resistant to some cleaning methods and that “sporocides” can be required to achieve decontamination.
“This was information and a conclusion that the Trust had reached in early 2014 and therefore before the outbreak in May/June 2014,” Dr Morris said.
“It had not passed on those findings either within other section 10 units compounding TPN or the wider market.
Ghanda Al-Kharboush – who had moved with her husband from Saudi Arabia to study for a PhD in dentistry – gave birth to her twin boys by emergency C-section at 32 weeks, after being that one of the babies was not growing properly.
Both were placed in intensive care at St Thomas Hospital and were fed intravenously – meaning they were given a liquid mixture of nutrients directly into their bloodstream, common practice when newborns are unable to eat on their own.
While Abdulilah was not affected, Yousef contracted lethal blood poisoning from the feed, which was contaminated with the bacteria Bacillus cereus.
In a statement read out to the court, Ghanda said she had spotted something was wrong when she went to express milk for her child on May 30, 2014.
She spoke to a nurse after noticing “Yousef was not as noisy as normal” and his “breathing did not seem regular”.
Ghanda was told that Yousef was “not coping as well as he had been” and a scan was taken.
She added: “Shortly after the scan, Yousef stopped breathing. I was distraught and all of a sudden there was a hive of activity around Yousef.”
Ghanda watched as his condition deteriorated in the following days, adding: “It was so hard to see our son in pain. I felt useless and could do nothing for him.
“It is the worst experience that a parent could have.”
Yousef seemed to improve after being given antibiotics and he was taken to see his twin but “this would be the only time” he would meet his brother, the court heard.
Ghanda later noticed he had no colour and blotches on his chest.
She said: “I wanted to stop his pain.
“I took him in my arms while attached to the ventilator.”
Yousef passed away on June 1.
“Subsequently, the MHRA brought in further advice for the use of sporocides in 2015.”
He said there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken in respect of the highlighted concerns.
Recipients have to respond to the report by January 8 next year.
ITH Pharma was fined £1.2 million by a crown court in 2022 after providing TPN from which 19 premature babies became infected across nine hospitals in 2014.
The company pleaded guilty to a single regulatory offence of failing to have a suitable and sufficient risk assessment, under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999.
It also pleaded guilty to two regulatory offences under the Medicines Act 1968 of supplying a medicinal product on May 27 2014 not of the nature or quality specified in the prescription.
Of the PFD report, an ITH Pharma spokesperson said: “We welcome Senior Coroner Morris’ Prevention of Future Deaths report, which recognises the importance of sharing information and learning across this specialised industry.
“Any information that had been shared with ITH and the MHRA as a result of a previous outbreak in the NHS five months prior to the ITH incident could have been of real value in taking steps to prevent future possible incidents.
“We are proud to work with and support the NHS and importantly, patients in this vital work of specialised feeding systems.
“We offer our deepest sympathies to all the families affected by the events of 10 years ago.
“We have done everything possible to assist the Senior Coroner in ensuring these inquests examined the full picture of both outbreaks in 2014 and we hope that these findings provide the families with answers.”
