The present application is a divisional application claiming priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/062,059 having a filing date of Oct. 24, 2013, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/795,736 filed on Oct. 24, 2012 of Wang, et al. titled “Incorporation of Plant Virus Particles and polymers as 2D and 3D Scaffolds to Manipulate Cellular Behaviors,” the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.The present invention was developed with funding from the National Science Foundation under award CHE-0748690 awarded by the National Science Foundation. The government retains certain rights in this invention.The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Jun. 13, 2014, is named USC-379_SL.txt and is 13,102 bytes in size.Plant viruses and other virus-like particles are utilized in expanded role...