Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum poses a severe threat to agriculture worldwide, affecting numerous crops. The pathogen's arsenal of type III effectors (T3Es) enables it to manipulate host defense mechanisms, aiding infection. One major challenge in managing bacterial wilt is understanding how these effectors interact with plant signaling pathways. This complexity underscores the need for detailed studies on effectors like RipAF1 to devise targeted strategies for effective disease management.
