South Africa has a robust framework to manage air quality, as well as regulations and standards that serve as a yardstick for measuring and monitoring harmful emissions. The country also follows World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) guidelines and approaches, but national circumstances mean that air quality is not at the level that the WMO recommends, said Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) national air quality officer Dr Patience Gwaze.