London — A British organization that focuses on bringing more transparency to ties between China and the United Kingdom says one of the country’s biggest China institutes at a top university, King’s College London, received almost all of its funds from one single donor — a wealthy Hong Kong businessman who has ties to the Chinese Communist Party.
In a report released Sunday, UK-China Transparency said 99.9% of funding for the Lau China Institute, or LCI, came from Lau Ming-wai, who has served as an adviser to the Hong Kong government working on Hong Kong “integration” with China. He was also given a formal role at a body overseen by the Chinese Communist Party's United Front Work Department, the report said.
The United Front Work Department coordinates domestic and foreign influence campaigns for the Chinese Communist Party and is part of a broader effort known as “United Front” work that aims to co-opt individuals and silence opposition to the party.
Lau received his bachelor's and doctorate degrees from King’s College London and donated at least $14.1 million to support the institute, according to the report.
UK-China Transparency said it has sought information from King's College under the Freedom of Information Act about the details of Lau's collaboration with the Institute and any terms or restrictions on Lau's donation. It also asked whether Lau has any requirements for the appointment of the institute's director.
The university confirmed Lau’s donations but declined to provide the other information.
UK-China Transparency then complained to the U.K. Information Commissioner's Office, which supported King's College's position. The organization has since appealed to a body known as the First-tier Tribunal to try to force the college to disclose more information.
A British government spokesperson told VOA that it is the responsibility of higher education providers to ensure “they have adequate governance and risk management procedures in place, including on the acceptance of donations.”
“We expect the sector to be alert to security risks when collaborating with international partners, conducting appropriate due diligence to comply with legislation and consider risks, including potential threats to freedom of speech and academic freedom,” the spokesperson said in an emailed statement Thursday.
The LCI was established in 2011 as part of the School of Global Affairs at King's College London. The institute has 76 members, including 30 doctoral students and 11 core members. Its projects include several topics that are considered sensitive by the Chinese Communist Party.
Kerry Brown, director of the LCI, received an award from a Chinese government-owned think tank in 2020 for "telling Chinese stories and spreading Chinese voices."
Brown is a former British diplomat who previously worked for the China Section of his country’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office and as first secretary of the U.K. Embassy in Beijing. He is a frequent contributor to Chinese state media.
VOA contacted Brown for comment but did not receive a response at time of publication.
However, Brown said in an interview with VOA last year that while there were legitimate security reasons that made the U.K. have reservations about Chinese investment, the U.K.'s options would be greatly reduced if China was rejected altogether.
"You either accept that China poses problems and you try and deal with them, or you accept that you can't deal with China and you don't take any of the economic benefits that come from that,” he said. “It's about the conversation. It's about embracing how complex this could be."
In a summary report released in 2020, the LCI thanked Lau for his continued support, noting that the institute works with several institutions around the world, including Transparency International, the World Bank, BHP Billiton and the G20. The LCI has become an important source of information for policymakers and the public to discuss China, the report said.
A spokesperson for King's College London told VOA that as a matter of policy, all of its institutes operate independently from donors, who have no influence over the focus of any research undertaken by the institutes.
“We are proud of the work of our global institutes in bringing together leading academics to critically examine and deliver country-focused research and expertise that helps shape and inform global understanding," the spokesperson said.
The close ties between U.K. universities and China have been under the spotlight in recent years, particularly in the economic and educational sectors.
A report by the U.K. Parliament's Intelligence and Security Committee last year warned that "China has taken advantage of the policy of successive British governments to boost economic ties between the U.K. and China, which has enabled it to advance its commercial, science and technology, and industrial goals in order to gain a strategic advantage."
In February, a British government spokesperson told VOA, "We continue to talk to the sector to ensure advice, and measures on tackling security risks in international collaboration remains relevant and proportionate.”
The spokesperson said China was added in May 2023 to a list of countries subject to export controls on certain items with potential military uses.
In April, Oliver Dowden, the U.K. deputy prime minister at the time, said the government would impose stricter oversight of higher education institutions, thereby strengthening protection for sensitive technology and reducing reliance on foreign funding. The move aims to prevent foreign interference in national security, especially from countries that "ignore the rules-based international order."
Observers said the Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Act is an important tool for that purpose. However, the Labour Party's education secretary announced this week that the bill's implementation would be halted to ensure the "financial stability" of the higher education sector.
Brown said last year that his colleagues at King's College London were well aware of the problems that arose in their interactions with Chinese students and were not naive. He believes it is important to understand and listen to the voices of Chinese students in the U.K., as they are an important part of the academic community.
At the same time, he stressed that cooperation with China is still necessary, especially in areas such as life sciences and medical research, as these are common global issues.
VOA's Adrianna Zhang, Yu-wen Cheng and Daniel Schearf contributed to this report.
