A research paper by RBI economists has found that the net financial wealth (NFW) of Indian households is still higher than pre-pandemic levels, at 97% as of March 2023. The total household financial assets are estimated at Rs 363.8 lakh crore, equivalent to 135.0% of the GDP, while the outstanding liabilities amount to ₹101.8 lakh crore, accounting for 37.8% of GDP.