Lavillenie, 37, needed to clear 5.82 metres, but he passed at the opening height of 5.60m before failing three times at 5.72m.
After triumphing at the London Olympics, Lavillenie went on to break the world record in 2015 when his 6.16m at an indoor meet in Donetsk bettered Sergey Bubka's long-standing record of 6.14m.
Lavillenie travelled to the 2016 Rio Olympics as favourite but had to settle for silver, losing out to Brazilian Thiago Braz da Silva.
The Frenchman is also a three-time European champion and a three-time world indoor gold medallist.
He has also won one silver and four bronze medals at the world outdoor championships.
