In 2023, National Health Accounts reported a reduction in OOPE from 69.4% in 2004-05 to 48.21% in 2018-19. The global average was 18.1% in 2019. Cost of medicines and hospitalisation are prime contributors to high expenditure. Central interventions like Ayushman Bharat and Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) have had positive impacts. However, there's still a long way to go for several reasons.
