Incidence, recurring admissions and mortality of severe bacterial infections and sepsis over a 22-year period in the population-based HUNT study

by Kristin Vardheim Liyanarachi, Erik Solligård, Randi Marie Mohus, Bjørn O. Åsvold, Tormod Rogne, Jan Kristian Damås

Purpose

Severe bacterial infections are important causes of hospitalization and loss of health worldwide. In this study we aim to characterize the total burden, recurrence and severity of bacterial infections in the general population during a 22-year period.

Methods

We investigated hospitalizations due to bacterial infection from eight different foci in the prospective population-based Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study), where all inhabitants aged ≥ 20 in a Norwegian county were invited to participate. Enrollment was between 1995 and 1997, and between 2006 and 2008, and follow-up ended in February 2017. All hospitalizations, positive blood cultures, emigrations and deaths in the follow-up period were captured through registry linkage.

Results

A total of 79,393 (69.5% and 54.1% of the invited population) people were included, of which 42,237 (53%) were women and mean age was 48.5 years. There were 37,298 hospitalizations due to infection, affecting 15,496 (22% of all included) individuals. The median time of follow-up was 20 years (25^th percentile 9.5–75^th percentile 20.8). Pneumonia and urinary tract infections were the two dominating foci with incidence rates of 639 and 550 per 100,000 per year, respectively, and with increasing incidence with age. The proportion of recurring admissions ranged from 10.0% (central nervous system) to 30.0% (pneumonia), whilst the proportion with a positive blood culture ranged from 4.7% (skin- and soft tissue infection) to 40.9% (central nervous system). The 30-day mortality varied between 3.2% (skin- and soft tissue infection) and 20.8% (endocarditis).

Conclusions

In this population-based cohort, we observed a great variation in the incidence, positive blood culture rate, recurrence and mortality between common infectious diseases. These results may help guide policy to reduce the infectious disease burden in the population.