Clashes between police and militant elements in a thousands-strong crowd of demonstrators transformed part of central Barcelona into a battleground late on Saturday as another day of pro-independence protests turned violent.
Projectiles were fired, at least six people were hospitalized with injuries, and barricades were set alight after officers charged ranks of demonstrators — many young and masking their faces — who had amassed outside Spanish police headquarters.
The violent standoff in the city's tourist heartland offered stark evidence of the fault lines developing between hardline and conciliatory elements within the region's independence movement.
It lasted several hours before protesters dispersed through the city's streets.
Barcelona has witnessed daily pro-secession protests since Oct. 14. That was when Spain's Supreme Court sentenced nine politicians and activists to up to 13 years in jail for their role in a failed independence bid in 2017, prompting widespread anger in the region and sending shockwaves through Spain's political landscape.
Saturday's protest was not the first marred by violence, with unrest notably on Oct. 18 having been more widespread. But it contrasted starkly with events earlier in the day, when 350,000 Catalans had marched peacefully through the city in support of calls from civil rights groups for the jailed separatist leaders to be freed.
Bottles, balls, bullets
The later protest was organized by CDR, a pro-independence pressure group that favors direct action and has cut off rail tracks and roads, as well as trying to storm the regional parliament.
It began around 7:30 p.m. (1730 GMT) and as the crowd grew to around 10,000, according to police estimates, demonstrators threw a hail of bottles, balls and rubber bullets at officers, TV footage showed.
Police carrying shields and weapons and backed by some 20 riot vans then charged the demonstrators in an attempt to disperse them, splitting the crowd in two along Via Laietana near the police headquarters.
Reuters TV footage showed police armed with batons forcing their way through the crowd while demonstrators threw stones and flares. News channel 24h showed police grappling one-on-one with demonstrators, who fell back before reforming their lines.
Some projectiles were fired, with a Reuters photographer among those hospitalized after being hit in the stomach by a rubber or foam bullet. Catalan emergency services said that, in all, six people were hospitalized.
The organizers of the earlier protest, grass-roots groups Assemblea Nacional Catalana (ANC) and Omnium Cultural, had hoped that, with pro-secessionist parties split over what strategy to adopt, it would refocus attention in the secessionist camp by
drawing the largest crowd since the court verdicts were passed.
"From the street we will keep defending all the [people's] rights, but from the institutions we need political answers," ANC leader Elisenda Paluzie told the gathering, pledging to organize more protests.
Local police said around 350,000 attended, compared with a daily peak of 500,000 at the Oct. 18 protest and 600,000 at a march that took place on Catalonia's national day last month.
All those figures, however, represent only a small percentage of the region's 7.5 million population, and its electorate is almost evenly split over the issue of independence.
Mainstream Spanish parties, including the minority Socialist government, have consistently rejected moves toward Catalan independence and all except for the left-wing Podemos are opposed to any form of referendum.
They are now gearing up for a national election on Nov. 10.
'Prison is not the answer'
Both ANC and Omnium Cultural eschew violence and their then-leaders were among the nine jailed on Oct 14.
Many who joined their march carried Catalan pro-independence flags and banners bearing slogans that included: "Prison is not the answer," "Sit and talk" and "Freedom for political prisoners."
In the front row was regional government head Quim Torra, who earlier presided over a ceremony at which hundreds of Catalan mayors endorsed a document demanding self-determination.
"We have to be capable of creating a republic of free men and women ... and overcoming the confrontational dynamic with a constructive one," he told them.
While not currently affiliated with any party, Torra belongs to the separatist political movement Junts per Catalunya. It has been in favor of maintaining confrontation with authorities in Madrid, while its leftist coalition partner Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya favors dialogue.
One marcher, Maria Llopart, 63, criticized the lack of unity between the two parties. "Everything looks very bad. We are not advancing," she said.
Francesc Dot, 65, said the nine leaders had been jailed in defense of "Spain's unity."
His wife, Maria Dolors Rustarazo, 63, said she should also be in prison because she voted in the 2017 referendum, which Spanish courts outlawed. "If [all separatist votes] ... have to go to jail, we will go, but I don't think we would all fit," she said.
She condemned the violence but had understanding for young protesters being "angry at the lack of democracy."
On Saturday they included Manel, a 20-year-old student with his face obscured by a cloth, who said he was among those who lit barricades during last week's unrest.
"We need a consistent protest — more streets and less parliamentary talk, because that doesn't seem to work," he said before the CDR protest turned violent.
"If we halt the economy, the Spanish government would be obliged to talk."
