by Abhishek K. Sarkar, Po-Yuan Tung, John D. Blischak, Jonathan E. Burnett, Yang I. Li, Matthew Stephens, Yoav Gilad
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by Rosangela Canino-Koning, Michael J. Wiser, Charles Ofria
Genetic spaces are often described in terms of fitness landscapes or genotype-to-phenotype maps, where each genetic sequence is associated with phenotypic properties and linked to other genotypes that are a single mutational step away. The positions close to a genotype make up its “mutational landscape” and, in aggregate, determine the short-term evolutionary potential of a population. Populations with wider ranges of phenotypes... Читать дальше...
by Vikash Pandey, Vassily Hatzimanikatis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with metabolic syndromes spanning a wide spectrum of diseases, from simple steatosis to the more complex nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. To identify the deregulation that occurs in metabolic processes at the molecular level that give rise to these various NAFLD phenotypes, algorithms such as pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) can be used. These analyses require the use of predefined pathway maps,... Читать дальше...
by Takafumi Arakaki, G. Barello, Yashar Ahmadian
Tuning curves characterizing the response selectivities of biological neurons can exhibit large degrees of irregularity and diversity across neurons. Theoretical network models that feature heterogeneous cell populations or partially random connectivity also give rise to diverse tuning curves. Empirical tuning curve distributions can thus be utilized to make model-based inferences about the statistics of single-cell parameters and network connectivity. Читать дальше...
by Alexander Seeholzer, Moritz Deger, Wulfram Gerstner
Continuous attractor models of working-memory store continuous-valued information in continuous state-spaces, but are sensitive to noise processes that degrade memory retention. Short-term synaptic plasticity of recurrent synapses has previously been shown to affect continuous attractor systems: short-term facilitation can stabilize memory retention, while short-term depression possibly increases continuous attractor volatility. Here... Читать дальше...
by Thomas D. Sherman, Luciane T. Kagohara, Raymon Cao, Raymond Cheng, Matthew Satriano, Michael Considine, Gabriel Krigsfeld, Ruchira Ranaweera, Yong Tang, Sandra A. Jablonski, Genevieve Stein-O'Brien, Daria A. Gaykalova, Louis M. Weiner, Christine H. Chung, Elana J. Fertig
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by Mariana M. B. Cardoso, Bruss Lima, Yevgeniy B. Sirotin, Aniruddha Das
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by Cody J. Warren, Sara L. Sawyer
Viruses of wild and domestic animals can infect humans in a process called zoonosis, and these events can give rise to explosive epidemics such as those caused by the HIV and Ebola viruses. While humans are constantly exposed to animal viruses, those that can successfully infect and transmit between humans are exceedingly rare. The key event in zoonosis is when an animal virus begins to replicate (one virion making many) in the first human subject. Only at... Читать дальше...
by Laura Desban, Andrew Prendergast, Julian Roussel, Marion Rosello, David Geny, Claire Wyart, Pierre-Luc Bardet
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by Kelsie R. S. Doering, Stefan Taubert
The ability to adapt to acute and chronic stress is important for organisms to thrive in evolutionary niches and for cells to survive in adverse conditions. The regulatory networks that control stress responses are evolutionarily conserved, and many factors that selectively activate stress responses have been identified. Less well understood are mechanisms that guard against unnecessary induction of cytoprotective factors and that connect stress responses... Читать дальше...