Since taking office as Brazil’s president in 2019, Jair Bolsonaro has greatly weakened the protection of the Amazon and its Indigenous peoples (1). Bolsonaro’s hate speech against Indigenous peoples and policies dismantling the protection of Indigenous lands have led to an increase in invasions and attacks on Indigenous, public, and conservation lands (2), which his administration has rewarded rather than deterred (2, 3). Proposed bill PL 490/2007 (4) would continue this trend by blocking or reversing the recognition of the rights of many Indigenous peoples to their traditional lands.
